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Low fertility, high stakes: demographic and economic implications of Malaysia’s fertility decline and the case for a National Fertility Insurance Policy


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Item type Scientific Poster
Subjects 100 Philosophy & psychology > 107 Education, research & related topics
Division/Agency LPPKN - National Population and Family Development Board, Malaysia: Population and Family Research Division
Keywords Fertility, Reproductive Health
Additional Information This poster have been presented at Persidangan Kependudukan Kebangsaan 2025 (PERKKS25), November 19-21, 2025 at Eastin Hotel, Petaling Jaya Selangor.
Abstract Malaysia’s fertility rate has fallen to 1.6 births per woman (2024), below replacement level for more than a decade. This decline is driven by delayed marriage, economic pressures, and limited financial support for infertility care. Infertility affects 1 in 6 adults globally, yet treatment in Malaysia remains largely self-funded, leading to inequalities in access and increased emotional and economic burden. Understanding these barriers is critical to strengthen national demographic resilience. Conclusion, Malaysia’s fertility decline is a multidimensional issue requiring urgent clinical, policy, and economic intervention. The National Fertility Insurance (NFI) framework presents a strategic, sustainable, equitable policy mechanism to improve reproductive health access, sustain population growth, and strengthen socioeconomic resilience. Strategic investment in fertility care can safeguard Malaysia’s socioeconomic future.
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