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Choosing not to mother? childfree and childless women and their contribution to fertility decline in Malaysia
Item Type: Conference or Workshop Item
Author: 
Abdul Razak, Ahmad Rasyidee and
Khairitszi Mamat, Suszma and
George Albert, Wanda Kiyah and
Bali, Norafifah and
Ayub, Norzihan and
Sombuling, Agnis and
Yusof, Husmiati and
Author: 
Editor: 
Year:  16/05/2026
Abstract:  In Malaysia, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined to 1.6 births per woman (2024), which is below the replacement level of 2.1. Over the past decade, the world has experienced significant demographic and cultural changes, particularly in family structures, including declining fertility rates and shifting norms around marriage. Globally, there is a growing trend of individuals choosing not to have children – not due to infertility or delayed marriage, but based on personal choice. This study aims to explore the contribution of childfree and childless women to fertility decline in Malaysia. The findings show that childfree and childless women experience non-motherhood differently, with childfree women often associating it with autonomy and emotional fulfilment, while childless women experience greater emotional vulnerability and social pressure.
 
 
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Report on Family Well-Being Index 2022
Item Type: Research Report
Author: 
National Population and Family Development Board, Malaysia,  and
Author: 
Editor: 
Year:  00/05/2026
Abstract:  Family is the foundation of a prosperous society. The well-being of the family institution is a key element in the development of a nation. Therefore, the family perspective must always be prioritised to ensure that this institution remains prosperous and continues to contribute to the country’s socio-economic development. Family well-being encompasses various dimensions that influence the harmony of a family’s life. The Family Well-Being Index 2022 (FWBI 2022) serves as an objective and scientific benchmark for monitoring the level of family well-being in Malaysia. With a recorded score of 7.93 on a maximum scale of 10.00, FWBI 2022 indicates a moderate level of family well-being. The FWBI 2022 score shows an increase of 0.21 points (2.7%) from the FWBI 2019 score. This increase in the score was contributed by five domains that recorded scores above 8.00, namely (i) Family Relationship Domain, (ii) Family, Role of Religion, and Spiritual Practices Domain, (iii) Family and Community Involvement Domain, (iv) Family and Communication Technology Domain, and (v) Family Health Domain.
 
 
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